Literal Types in TypeScript allow you to specify exact values for variables or properties. Unlike regular types that can represent a range of possible values, literal types restrict the value to a specific literal value, providing precise and self-documenting code.
Example
Consider a scenario where you have a function that takes a status parameter representing the current state of an order. Using a generic string or number type for the status could lead to potential errors, as any string or number would be accepted. Without clear constraints, it becomes challenging to ensure that only valid status values are passed to the function.
type OrderStatus = 'pending' | 'processing' | 'completed';
function updateOrderStatus(status: OrderStatus) {
// Logic to update the order status
}
In this example, OrderStatus is defined as a union of string literals ('pending', 'processing', and 'completed'). Now, when calling updateOrderStatus, only these specific values are allowed for the status parameter, ensuring valid state transitions and reducing the chance of errors.
Conclusion
Literal Types empower TypeScript developers to enforce specific values, making code more robust and self-explanatory. By using literal values, you can create expressive and type-safe code that communicates intent clearly and minimizes unexpected behavior.